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By and large means “in general” or "on the whole" in most contexts, but in sailors’ lingo of yore, whence the phrase arose, by and large described a vessel alternately sailing as directly into the wind as possible (typically within about 45 degrees of the wind)—that is, by—and away from the direction from which the wind is blowing, with the wind hitting the vessel’s widest point—that is, large. (Note that this by also appears in the term full and by: "sailing as directly into the wind as possible and with all sails full.") William Bourne’s 1578 book Inventions or Devises offers insight into the phrase’s original use: “… to make a ship to draw or go but little into the water, and to hold a good wind, and to sail well both by and large, were very necessary …” As has happened with much nautical jargon, the phrase eventually came ashore. By and large, landlubbers welcomed it, first in the sense "in many directions" or "in all ways," and ultimately with its present meaning of "in general."
Examples of by and large in a Sentence
Joseph Howlett, Scientific American, 16 June 2026
And so, by and large, people – who stayed despite the temporary change in plans – watched the game on their phones.
—Hannah Keyser, CNN Money, 14 June 2026
So these contracts, by and large, will not be available in the United States.
—Eleanor Mueller, semafor.com, 12 June 2026
And this kind of culture of reunion and reconciliation by the late 19th century, turn of the century, had by and large taken over American society.
—David Frum, The Atlantic, 10 June 2026
See All Example Sentences for by and large
Cite this Entry
“By and large.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/by%20and%20large. Accessed 19 Jun. 2026.
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